Operating Systems for AI Inference

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UW–MADISON · JAN.–MAY 2026

How do background file reads affect an otherwise fixed inference workload?

Honors course research advised by Prof. Michael Swift.

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File-read pressure increases median and P95 inference latency; final median is 17.1% above baseline

Controlled interference

I evaluated a fixed LLM inference workload under controlled background filesystem reads. Median inference latency increased 17.1% relative to the baseline.

Investigating the slowdown

Windows PerfMon showed stable working sets and page-fault counts plateauing near 29.5K even as latency rose. These observations support shared-resource contention over working-set thrashing as the explanation; they do not isolate a single hardware bottleneck.

Research context

The study connects operating-system activity to inference performance: controlling the model workload alone is insufficient when it shares resources with other processes.

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